May 8, 2024 · The 'hard steps' model argues that the evolutionary origin of humans depended on a small number of key intermediate 'steps' that were ...

Mar 2, 2023 · There are trillions of habitable planets in the Universe. But the Hard Steps Model suggests intelligent life is incredibly rare.

The model proposes that intelligent life requires n “critical steps,” each of which occurs at some rate λ. He further stipulates that λ−1 > τ⊙, so that the ...

Nov 1, 2021 · First, while in reality the steps may have a specific order (eg., it's impossible for a form of multicellular life to evolve higher-level ...

Nov 13, 2007 · Two step versions of the hard step scenario. In simple hard step models, according to the mathematical analysis recapitu- lated in the next ...

Sep 23, 1998 · Our analysis of conditioning on early success tells us that in such a situation there should be a set of relatively hard “critical” steps, and ...

Nov 13, 2007 · ... hard step scenario. This means that some of the essential steps (such as the development of eukaryotes) in the evolution process leading to ...

Apr 16, 2008 · A mathematical model suggests that the odds of finding new life on other Earth-like planets are low, given the time it has taken for beings ...